• 목록
  • 0. 기본 명령어
  • 1. File 및 Directory
    • pwd : Print working directory
    • cd : Change directory
    • ls : List segments
    • mv : Move
    • rm : Remove
  • 2. 조회 / 출력 / 파일 생성 (echo & touch & cat & redirection)
    • echo : output command
    • touch : generate 0 byte file
    • cat : con_CAT_enate. read + concatenate + write file
  • 3. System
    • filesystem mounted on directory

Linux PC 설치 후 지금까지 썼던 Ubuntu 명령어 정리

0. 기본 명령어

• 여러 명령어들의 구분

  1m3rri17@:~/test$ echo command test;echo command test2
  2test
  3test2

• edit 모드에서 저장 후 종료(Not vi) : Ctrl + D

1. File 및 Directory

pwd : Print working directory

1m3rri17@:~/test$ pwd
2/home/m3rri17/test

cd : Change directory

• cd / : move to /
• cd ~ : move to /home
• cd .. : move to upper directory
• cd - : move to previous directory

ls : List segments

• ls -a : with hidden files
• ls -l : with detail information
  [directory || file][permission] [*link count] [file owner] [file group owner] [size] [update date+time] [name of directory || file]
• ls -t : order by update date desc
• ls -S : order by size desc (! upper case)
• ls -r : order by reversely
  default name (z-aZ-A)
  :grey_exclamation: ls -Sr > order by size asc
• ls -i : with inode number
• ls ../ : execute ls of parent directory
• ls -p : with / suffix
• ls -R : with all directories and files of child directories

mv : Move

• mv file1 file2 : rename file file1 to file2 or overwrite file file1 to file2

  1m3rri17@:~/test$ touch file1 && file2
  2m3rri17@:~/test$ ls
  3file1 file2
  4m3rri17@:~/test$ mv file1 file2
  5m3rri17@:~/test$ ls
  6file2

• mv file1[ file2 ...] /dir1 : move file file1(+file2+...) to directory dir1
• mv /dir1 /dir2 : rename directory dir1 to dir2 or overwrite directory dir1 to dir2
  • mv /dir1/* /dir2/ : move all of the contents of directory dir1 to dir2

  1m3rri17@:~/test$ touch file{1..5} && mkdir dir1
  2m3rri17@:~/test$ ls -RF
  3.:
  4dir1/ file1 file2 file3 file4 file5
  5
  6./dir1:
  7m3rri17@:~/test$ mv file1 file5 ./dir1
  8m3rri17@:~/test$ ls -RF
  9.:
  10dir1/ file2 file3 file4
  11
  12./dir1:
  13file1 file5
  14m3rri17@:~/test$
  15m3rri17@:~/test$ mv file{2..4} ./dir1
  16m3rri17@:~/test$ ls -RF
  17.:
  18dir1/
  19
  20./dir1:
  21file1 file2 file3 file4 file5
  22m3rri17@:~/test$
  23m3rri17@:~/test$ mv ./dir1 ./dir2
  24m3rri17@:~/test$ ls
  25dir2
  26m3rri17@:~/test$
  27m3rri17@:~/test$ mkdir dir3
  28m3rri17@:~/test$ mv ./dir2/* ./dir3/
  29m3rri17@:~/test$ ls -RF
  30.:
  31dir2/ dir3/
  32
  33./dir2:
  34
  35./dir3:
  36file1 file2 file3 file4 file5

rm : Remove

• rm file1 : remove file file1
  rm ./* : remove all files in this directory
• rm -r dir1 : remove directory dir1

  1m3rri17@:~/test$ mkdir dir1 && touch ./dir1/file{1..3}
  2m3rri17@:~/test$ rm ./dir1/file2
  3m3rri17@:~/test$ rm -r dir1

2. 조회 / 출력 / 파일 생성 (echo & touch & cat & redirection)

echo : output command

1m3rri17@:~/test$ echo [option] [text]

• output variable or environment variable

  1m3rri17@:~/test$ echo $PATH
  2/usr/local/sbin:/usr/...~~
  3m3rri17@:~/test$
  4m3rri17@:~/test$ V_NAME=m3rri;V_TEXT="My name is"
  5m3rri17@:~/test$ echo $V_TEXT $V_NAME
  6My name is m3rri

• output result of command

  1m3rri17@:~/test$ echo PATH=$(echo $PATH)
  2PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/...~~

• using "" : long text or text included special token. ;, (, ), etc..

  1m3rri17@:~/test$ echo Multiple command strings are combined with \";\" or \"&&\".
  2Multiple command strings are combined with "
  3".: 명령을 찾을 수 없습니다
  4m3rri17@:~/test$ echo Multiple command strings are combined with \"";"\" or \""&&"\"..
  5Multiple command strings are combined with ";" or "&&".

• options
  • -e : recognize escape character

    1m3rri17@:~/test$ echo "text1\ntext2"
    2text1\ntext2
    3m3rri17@:~/test$ echo -e "text1\ntext2"
    4text1
    5text2

  • use help echo

    1m3rri17@:~/test$ echo --help
    2--help
    3m3rri17@:~/test$ help echo
    4echo: echo [-neE] [인자 ...]
    5...

• create or update file using redirection
  • echo "content" > filename
    : If filename exists, overwrite it with content or create a new file
  • echo "content" >> filename
    : If filename exists, append content to filename or create a new file

  1m3rri17@:~/test$ echo "start of content" > echo_test.txt
  2m3rri17@:~/test$ cat echo_test.txt
  3start of content
  4m3rri17@:~/test$ echo "new start of content" > echo_test.txt
  5m3rri17@:~/test$ cat echo_test.txt
  6new start of content
  7m3rri17@:~/test$ echo -e "\033[0;36m\$PATH\033[1;37m=$(echo $PATH)" >> echo_test.txt
  8m3rri17@:~/test$ cat echo_test.txt
  9new start of content
  10$PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/~~~

touch : generate 0 byte file

1m3rri17@:~/test$ touch testfile
2m3rri17@:~/test$ ls
3testfile

cat : con_CAT_enate. read + concatenate + write file

출처 : linuxize post

• cat [options] [file names]
• read file contents

  1m3rri17@:~/test$ echo -e "linux\nubuntu" > catTest
  2m3rri17@:~/test$ cat catTest
  3linux
  4ubuntu

• redirect contents of file -> copy contents file to file using redirection

  1m3rri17@:~/test$ ls
  2catTest
  3m3rri17@:~/test$ cat catTest > catTest2
  4m3rri17@:~/test$ ls
  5catTest catTest2
  6m3rri17@:~/test$ cat catTest2
  7linux
  8ubuntu
  9m3rri17@:~/test$ cat catTest >> catTest2
  10m3rri17@:~/test$ cat -n catTest2
  111  linux
  122  ubuntu
  133  linux
  144  ubuntu

• concatenate files : display concatenated contents of argument files

  1m3rri17@:~/test$ cat test1
  2concat test1
  3m3rri17@:~/test$ cat test2
  4concat test2
  5m3rri17@:~/test$ cat test1 test2
  6concat test1
  7concat test2
  8m3rri17@:~/test$ cat test1 test2 > test3
  9m3rri17@:~/test$ cat test3
  10concat test1
  11concat test2

• create files

  1m3rri17@:~/test$ cat > createCatTest.txt
  2create cat test content
  3m3rri17@:~/test$ cat createCatTest.txt
  4create cat test content
  5m3rri17@:~/test$ cat >> createCatTest.txt
  6append text
  7m3rri17@:~/test$ cat createCatTest.txt
  8create cat test content
  9append text

• option
  • -n : print line numbers
  • -s : ignore repeated empty lines

    1m3rri17@:~/test$ cat -n testfile
    21 testline1
    32 
    43 
    54 
    65 testline2
    7m3rri17@:~/test$ cat -ns testfile
    81 testline1
    92 
    103 testline2

  • -T : distinguish visually between tabs and spaces
  • -e : display the each lines ending character $

    1m3rri17@:~/test$ cat testfile
    2li      nux
    3ubu     ntu
    4m3rri17@:~/test$ cat -Te testfile
    5li      nux$
    6ubu^Intu$

3. System

filesystem mounted on directory

1m3rri17@:~/test$ df -h
2Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
3tmpfs      1.0G 2.7M  1.0G   1% /run
4...
5/dev/3      99G 5.2G   93G   5% /home
6...